Power Sharing Formula PDF Nigeria'S Federalism and State Reorganization and Restructuring Notwithstanding the above reasons for the adoption of Nigerian federalism, we can also mention some specific factors peculiar to Nigeria. It is on this footing, herewith, that one can properly understand the rational for, and theory of federalism, what and why certain trends theme up federal-state relations in Nigeria, and the features of federal-state relations in Nigeria. We hope to seeing you again on other posts of interest. } !1AQa"q2#BR$3br Promoters of the idea were of the view that the Introduction In a statement on the 2015 Nigerian General Elections the Freedom House (2015a) congratulated Nigerians for an election that appears to be one of the smoothest and least violent in Nigeria's In Nigeria, the main reason for the adoption of a federal arrangement was the sociological complexity of the society, its ethnic and geographical diversity. by the federal or any state government. This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted Federal System These crises flow from issues such as fiscal federalism, corruption, credible elections, tribal politics, ethno-religious conflicts, and disdain for the rule of law. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria For this alone, one thinks in consonance with the conviction of dominant scholarship, that such clustering and bundling of diverse identities in an amalgamative sense, in the case of Nigeria, is too, an irreconcilable British experimentalism of the federal principle. The calls for restructuring have been louder particularly from the southern part of Nigeria. The British in their quest for economic wealth and geo-political edges over other Europeans in Africa made Nigeria the largest British colony in Africa. Payment Details. Nigeria is confronted to the boomerang effects of the evolution of its federalism. of diversities helps in a nations decision to adopt the aggregative or disaggregative type of federalism. >> government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. 7 Reasons for Federalism in Nigeria: Why Nigeria Adopted - Bscholarly Minority Issues and the Creation of State | Week 10. Federalism in India. The unity here is brought about by the desire of the component units of the federation to form union in respect of some matters. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? It came about following the necessity for administrative convenience and managerial expenses. POL 124 MAIN CONTENT Mar 21, 2011 NEW (1), Resource Control, Federalism and Peace in the Niger Delta: A Reflection on Nigeria at Fifty, Federalism and Revenue Allocation in Nigeria: A Critical Evaluation of the Derivation Principle, Legal Framework for Fiscal Federalism: Issues and Options for Reform, RESOURCE CONTROL, REVENUE ALLOCATION AND PETROLEUM POLITICS IN NIGERIA: THE NIGER DELTA QUESTION, Intergovernmental Fiscal Relations in Nigeria's Fourth Republic: Issues and Challenges, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, Federalism, Democracy and Constitutionalism: The Nigerian Experience. Nigeria's independence was gotten and founded on the basis of a federalist system of Government. Problems facing the legal profession in Nigeria, History of the legal profession in Nigeria, Problems of Local Government in Nigeria And Solutions, 5 important Characteristic of customary law, Sources of Nigerian Law: everything you need to know. To make mortgage industry standards more flexible and modernized, the proposed rule would remove the requirement that lenders and mortgagees register with HUD each branch office . This was a period when long efforts were made to identify the legal relationships between the Leagues and the City States (Mogi, 1931:21). Also it is more useful to expansiate on them. The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. Reasons for Federalism 3.1 Reasons for a federal order rather than separate states or secession 3.2 Reasons for preferring federal orders over a unitary state 4. /Type /Page 7 Topics . Nigeria's founding fathers desired a federal political framework, believing that federal states have the structural capacity to accommodate diversity. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. This was one of the major reasons for the creation of the newer and smaller states after the independence. In the first place, therefore, the contemplation of a federal pact is one of an overwhelming outcome of the emphatic need to handle the above concerns acceptably. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. Therefore, striking an acceptable delicate balance between these two divides, has, time and again, become a well known problematic world over. The post war efforts for disarmament, demobilization and reintegration of the Igbo secessionist into the post-civil war Nigeria through the (3Rs) policy of rehabilitation, reconstruction and reconciliation (the 3Rs) to promote national unity and nationalism have failed to yield desire result. Keep it up , Yes , I love it and I was sentitize on those reasons. Your email address will not be published. Seven (7) Reasons for the Adoption of Federalism in Nigeria - Blogger Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. w !1AQaq"2B #3Rbr REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . Political culture of Nigeria: 3.4 4. Thus, federalism seemed to be the only option left for Nigeria because it allows for popular participation in government. << Ethnic Minorities and Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR In recent times, specifically in post 2015 general election, there have been new waves of agitations for the Biafra republic by both Movement for Actualization of Sovereign State of Biafra and Indigenous People of Biafra on one hand and for Niger Delta republic by Niger Delta Avengers on the other, added to terrorism and militancy that are already threatening Nigeria fragile state. The main goal of the Convention was to revise the Articles of Confederation, the agreement that governed the 13 colonies and was adopted by the Continental Congress on November 15, 1777, shortly after the end of the Revolutionary War . I love this article,very educating and interesting Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization More so, the colonial masters with the Richards Constitution in 1947 launched Nigeria onto the path of the present federal system of government via the regionalization of the country. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. FOR CLIENTS OUTSIDE NIGERIA. By the time Nigeria got her independence, the various party involved had been regionally based. Also see: Differences between Cross-offers and counter-offers, five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria. The crux of the matter is that the minorities fear the domination of the majorities, but federalism allows them some independent existence, and as such, their fears, both real and fancied, are allayed. One of the major reasons why countries choose federalism is because of size. From the onset, Nigeria, like most of her federating peers, has faced one major challenge in the course of her political voyage - the crisis of who is who. Ordinarily and without much logicality, by who is who, one means the problematic and destructive component of identity. Another major reason why federalism was adopted in Nigeria is the multiple ethnic backgrounds in Nigeria. The analysis of the emerging issues and scenarios as well as the response options aims at supporting the efforts of different stakeholders including the Federal government on managing the current pro-Biafra agitation. It is believed by many that this was one of the reasons why Nigeria adopted a federalist system. /Subtype /Image /Height 235 There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. If you answer to the above questions is no, then you lucky to be here. Nigeria as a result was divided into three provinces. Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. Required fields are marked *. Besides this desire, there was also the presence of certain socio-economic conditions (Babalola, 2013 . Do you know the reasons for federalism in Nigeria? For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Mere desire to unite is not enough but there must be the desire to remain separate in respect to other matters. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. Since Nigeria is a heterogeneous nation and Federalism is more practicable in such kind of nation, it is an ideal system of government. The Political Economy and Un-ending Search, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Federalism, Military Legacies and the Restructuring Debate in Contemporary Nigeria, Federalism, Decentralisation and the Liberalisation of Business Environment in Nigeria, Hands Behind their backs: Making a case for a region-centred restructuring framework, Nigerian Pseudo-Federalism and the Agitations for Restructuring, The evolution of fiscal centralism and strong centre federalism in Nigeria An historical analysis, The Nigerian fiscal formulas and the agitations for resource control in the Niger delta region of. (8 Best Paying Jobs), General consensus among our leaders when seeking independence from Britain. The Hausa Fulani and the Minorities feared the domination of political powers by the Igbos and Yorubas. The USA and Canada were formed with the above interest at heart. So, what are the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria? Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. So, without wasting much time, what is a federal system of government? 3 0 obj /Contents 4 0 R Nigeria and Ghana can not easily form a country chiefly because they are not geographically contiguous. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. . In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. 6 0 obj Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. 3. Take for example, in the Nigerian case of Attorney General of Federation v Attorney General of Abia and others (2002) 3 NCLR 1ar p 54, the issue of resource control in a true federalism was the bone of contention in that matter. Nigeria is quite a big country with an area of 923,768 km2. In this article, I will elucidate and discuss with references the reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria. Federalism Complicates the Response to the COVID-19 Health and Economic Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Stated reasons of the coup were prevailing gangsterism and disorder, corruption and nepotism in the civil government. Since 1954 successively Nigerian constitution had adopted the federal system of government without much emphasis on the unity or disunity it has accorded to Nigeria. politicization of ethnicity or the ethnicization of the politics of state creation that Nigeria has witnessed in recent years. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the . welcome, and thanks for reading us. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution True Federalism and Restructuring in Nigeria: Challenges and the - SSRN Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. You are already subscribed to our newsletter! Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. /Filter /DCTDecode The USSR was an example of this type of federalism. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. It furthers the University's objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide It also decided that the Public . The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. Federalism - Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy Besides the Big Three Igbo, Hausa and Yoruba, there are other macro and micro ethnic minorities in the country. The effectiveness of linking communications has been a vital factor in geographical unit. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . % But before moving to the crux of this article, we will be looking briefly at the meaning and history of federalism in Nigeria. |4-Iv /Width 371 Everybody would likely agree that the conscious awareness and awakening of the course of who is who invariably determines who gets what, perhaps when and how. So majority if not all of them were in favor of a federalist system of governance. Bashar Abubakar Bukkuyum This is good 'nd thank you Blogger. RESTRUCTURE OR DISINTEGRATE, OFFICIAL CORRUPTION AND THE DILEMA OF INSTABILITY IN NIGERIA, The Rationale for AfSol in Peace and Security: The Global, National and Regional Precipitants, Agitation for Restructuring and Resource Control in Nigeria's Federalism: Issues, Perspectives and the Way Forward, Giving Peace a Chance in Nigeria: The Case for a Preventive Diplomacy, Framing of Neo-Biafra Agitations in Selected Nigerian Newspapers, CRISES OF FEDERALISM IN NIGERIA AND THE FUTURE OF THE MIDDLE BELT REGION, Social Media and Hate Speech: Analysis of Comments on Biafra Agitations, Nigeria. Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. There is a general opinion that Nigeria was formed because of the interest of the British and they had to govern the country under a federation system. % This makes it possible for the minorities to be separated from the domination of big ethnic groups. These maladies have led to a renewal of the call for secession by the South-Eastern ethnic group of Nigeria for a Republic of Biafra, on the basis that they are being short-changed in the political cum socio-economic largess accumulating from the Centre. ! 5 Problems Of Federalism In Nigeria And Solutions As a heterogeneous state, Nigeria operates a federal structure which accommodates a Central government and sub-national, otherwise, state governments with several other municipal administrations; local government, therefore enabling a tripartite level of governance. This paper is a critical exploration of the current challenges bedeviling the Nigerian state, capable of heating up the polity and disintegrating the Nigerian project. What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. /Filter /FlateDecode Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Moreover, Another important factor that necessitated federalism in Nigeria was the political culture of the country. In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. It is not surprising that Nigeria in its 55 years of political sojourn has tried different forms of federalism. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. Thus, Nigeria's federalism is not only complex but also hard to understand. In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. This paper recommends that there should be an overhaul of the political system through constitutional amendment process to expunge provisions that negate federalism and provide for implementation of true federalism.