what would life be like without rocks and minerals

Soil is one of the basic needs to live and one of things which make life supportable on Earth. When the mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves.'- Buddha — Elias Axmar. We are not going to eliminate imperialism by shouting insults at it. Natural gas and petroleum are also part of minerals used as fuels. Minerals are formed naturally by geological processes. The meteoroid material is left by comets as they pass close to the Sun. Cooperate with writer. Here are five reasons why you can't live without mining -. Alloy—A substance having metallic properties and com-posed of two or more chemical elements, of which at least one is a metal. Rocks and soil make up the majority of land that animals live on and are the base components of any habitat. A . By far though, most dolomite occurs in altered sedimentary marine rocks called dolostones or in marbles formed from the metamorphism of dolostone. A mineral is also a solid, inorganic, substance as that of the rock which has a definite crystalline structure as well as chemical composition. In Stock. Dolomite forms in hydrothermal veins or as a pore-filling mineral in carbonate rocks, and more rarely as an accessory component in igneous pegmatites or altered mafic igneous rocks. Have you ever wondered what the world would be like without rocks? Rocks and minerals play a valuable role in natural systems such as providing habitat like the cliffs at Grand Canyon National Park where endangered condors nest, or provide soil nutrients in Redwood where the tallest trees in the world grow. There wouldnít be any house to stay, desk, chair, and etc. In order maintain a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the body, humans need to consume minerals daily. 1. The four main categories of mineral formation are: (1) igneous, or magmatic, in which minerals crystallize from a melt, (2) sedimentary, in which minerals are the result of sedimentation, a process whose raw materials are particles from other rocks that have undergone weathering or erosion, (3) metamorphic, in which … We are shaped by our thoughts; we become what we think. Minerals are naturally occurring substances of inorganic origin that have a definite chemical composition and usually exhibit a crystalline structure. A crystal refers to the structure of a mineral, and there are many different kinds of crystalline structures. Some minerals are toxic (like native mercury, lead or silver), can cause cancer (like asbestos) or are radioactive (like uranium ores). . A mineral becomes a rock when multiple crystals are present, whether that rock is composed of many different kinds minerals or whether they're all the same kind, said John Brady, a professor of . . Aggregate—A rock or mineral material used separately and as filler in cement, asphalt, plaster, and other materials. But you can't tell the story of minerals without also telling the story of life. Life is among the most powerful agents of geological change. Most rocks are made of minerals. . Geology Apps for Identifying and Learning About Rocks and Minerals. Rocks, Minerals And Gems|John Farndon. Today we know of 5,000 or more mineral species—each one a . Like everything else in the universe . 2 There are many other things in your home that are made of non-metallic mineral resources, also called industrial minerals.The concrete foundation of your home is made with sand, gravel, and lime from limestone. That would mean that there would be no crust, separating the mantle from the asthenosphere. Common minerals include quartz, feldspar, mica, amphibole, olivine, and calcite.A rock is an aggregate of one or more minerals, or a body of undifferentiated mineral matter. Soil is made mostly . You. Tumbling down the stream or from the source / High up in the hills or the valley below / B. determine the Retrium-40 half-life? It is the world's main source of aluminium and gallium. Early humans used them for tools, weapons and building materials. 2. A mineral can be part of a rock, and a crystal can be a mineral, but the terms are not synonymous. A mineral is a homogeneous solid that can be made of single native element or more usually a compound. It is estimated that every person in the United States will use more than three million pounds of rocks, minerals and metals during their lifetime. DISCOVERY LEARNING 1: ROCKS AND MINERALS 1. Minerals make up most of what we use to build, manufacture and stand on — including rocks and soil — so if we really ran out of minerals, we'd all be scrambling for a spot on the planet's shrunken surface areas.. Life as we know it would not exist without them. A rock is inorganic and a solid naturally-formed substance without any chemical composition or atomic structure. Window glass is made of quartz sand, while inside walls are made of sheets of drywall made mostly of the mineral gypsum. If you want your text to be readable, to carry meaningful research and fresh ideas, to meet the initial requirements, remember this: a little help never hurt nobody. Physical Geology B. You want to be healthy and look your best. It makes new rock, destroy or change old rocks and recycles the ingredients of the Earth's crust over and over . 3. Even experienced scholars struggle to complete a decent. The most obvious is that no weathering or erosion means that there is no water or atmosphere, or gravity for that matter. FREE Shipping on orders over $25.00. Here are five reasons why you can't live without mining -. They are found all over the world and are quite common in sedimentary rock sequences. A New View of Earth: The Coevolution of Rocks and Life. Everything that cannot be grown--that's neither plant nor animal--is a mineral or made from minerals. You. 3,600 pounds of bauxite (aluminum) 30,000 pounds of ore. 20,000 pounds of clay. 900 pounds of lead. We cannot understand our planet's history without a keen sense of the coevolution of the geosphere and the biosphere. The Complete Guide To Rocks And Minerals|JOHN FARNDON. equation (1), where continuity of life and minerals is based on these replacements [1-3]. FREE $7.55. They help us to develop new technologies and are used in our everyday lives. Agriculture, construction, manufacturing, transportation, electronics, art, science--almost every area of human activity depends in some way on minerals. The simple, no-prep pack will cover a variety of topics about rocks, such as types of rocks, what minerals and rocks are, properties of minerals, the rock cycle, geologists, and more. And english Wonders Of Rocks And Minerals|Richard M paper writing help in this will only be an invaluable assistant. Minerals are very important to us in everyday life. The BRONZE AGE was entered quite by accident with the discovery that when different types of "rocks" were melted and mixed, their physical properties could be altered in exciting ways. 1. Crystals And Gemstones. References: Quenched quasi-life rocks changed to minerals: We discuss old rock or life (as fossil) from present knowledge of final crystalline mineral and life. Mini-research on scientific topics today can not do without not being translated into English and not be published in specialized publications. Rocks and Minerals. 1. and rocks and minerals. They help us to develop new technologies and are used in our everyday lives. 1.4 Minerals and Rocks. This is followed by a review of Earth's internal structure and the processes of plate tectonics, and an explanation of geological time. 1. A rock is any two or more minerals bonded together, while a mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element. Rocks and minerals help in soil formation. I gneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks on the surface of the earth are constantly being broken down by wind and water. clusion: rocks and minerals must have played a pivotal role in the transition from the blasted, prebiotic Earth to the liv - ing world we now inhabit. Answer (1 of 4): The planet would be dead in two ways. Examine instructions and requirements, create a structure, and write down a perfect and unique text. The contributions of rocks and minerals to life's geochem-ical origins were not always so well appreciated. To geologists, a rock is a natural substance composed of solid crystals of different minerals that have been fused together into a solid lump. Rocks and Minerals on TPT. Rocks and minerals are important for learning about earth materials, structure, and systems. work in short order. Finding ways to get hold of the metals and minerals to make electric vehicle batteries is a big problem. A mineral is a naturally occurring inorganic element or compound having an orderly internal structure and characteristic chemical composition, crystal form, and physical properties. Which subdivision of geology looks at the material composing Earth like rocks and minerals? Water, minerals, rocks, and soil also indirectly help sustain animal life by helping . The influx of new people who lack sound, science-based knowledge of rocks and minerals is beginning to have a deleterious effect on the sub. A. Igneous Rock B. Sedimentary Rock . Rock Collecting, Land Status, & Mining Claims: An Overview Lucia M. Patterson MS CPG, Nevada Division of Minerals Reno Gem & Mineral Society September 1st2021 Good evening and thank you for inviting me to talk to you about rock collecting, land status, and mining claims. Symes Paperback. score Rocks, Minerals And Gems|John Farndon great marks - with the help of skilled and educated academic writing experts. The time taken for this mineral to disappear is given by its half-life or decay rate. 28,000 pounds of salt. Also, you'll be Rocks And Minerals: A Portrait Of The Natural World|Frederick D glad to know that more than 35% of orders are . The Life Cycle of a Mineral Deposit—A Teacher's Guide for Hands-On Mineral Education . Life's Rocky Start. Life would be really different without rocks and mineral because the mineral graphite is used to make pencils. Airing May 9, 2018 at 10 pm on PBS Airing May 9, 2018 at 10 pm on PBS …. More like this. Water, minerals, rocks, and soil also indirectly help sustain animal life by helping . But is by some miracle, weathering and erosion did stop and the planet could still theoretically be inhabited, the habit. Iron blue is used in paints, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics, paper dyeing. BAUXITE (MINERALS) Bauxite is a sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium content. But if you were worried about running out of a single mineral important for industry, then you probably can breathe easy. You want to be healthy and look your best. The pio-neering experiments of University of Chicago graduate stu- Nonfoliated rocks are formed the same way, but they do not contain the minerals that tend to line up under pressure and thus do not have the layered appearance of foliated rocks. If rocks would not be present poverty will increase. First, a Rocks And Rock Minerals: A Manual Of The Elements Of Petrology Without The Use Of The Microscope, For The Geologist, Engineer, Miner, Architect, Etc subject-matter expert will write your essay from scratch. This item: Rocks and Minerals (DK Eyewitness) by DK Hardcover. We use rocks for roads, metals, jewelry, tombstones, building materals, cosmetics, and many, many more things. Powdered iron is used in magnets, high-frequency cores, auto parts, and as a catalyst. In Rocks and Minerals!With 25 Science Projects for Kids kids ages 7 to 10 put on their headgear and embark on a journey through the world of rocks as they discover the geological forces that create and transform rocks, including the life cycle of igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks and what they can tell us about the earth—plus fossils! Meteorites are meteoroids that reach the surface of earth without being fully burnt. Rocks and Minerals: Igneous Rocks Author: Lisa Owings This title explores the natural processes, how geologists study igneous rocks, and how igneous rocks relate to the reader's daily life. A Mineral does not comprise rocks. As a 100% Rocks And Minerals: A Portrait Of The Natural World|Frederick D legit paper writing website we guarantee to fulfill your task from scratch within the next 24 hours. Of course, the atmosphere wou. A half-life is a time taken for one-half of a mineral to break down. And it's only going to get . 5 characteristics required of all minerals Radioactive iron (iron 59) is used in medicine and as a tracer element in biochemical and metallurgical research. Life and Rocks May Have Co-Evolved on Earth. There also wouldnít be any electricity if there werenít any mineral. Rock comprises minerals. 3.GYPSUM (MINERALS . Rocks are a fascinating way to discover information about the history of the earth. Published at the web's largest poetry site. Ships from and sold by Amazon.com. 2.COPPER (MINERALS) Copper is found as irregular, flattened, or branching masses. The final result is guaranteed to meet your expectations and earn you the best . Minerals make up Earth's rocks and sands, and are an important component of soils. Without this mineral we wouldn't have what to write with. Yes, life would be pretty boring without rocks and minerals. It is one of the few metals that occur in the "native" form without being bonded to other elements. $9.69. These are rocks that formed deep down in the Earth under high temperatures and pressure without oxygen. The price is right. That is why rock collecting is so interesting and fun. Sedimentary rocks like bituminous coal, limestone, and sandstone, given enough heat and pressure, can turn into nonfoliated metamorphic rocks like anthracite coal . Our use of rocks and minerals includes as building material, cosmetics, cars, roads, and appliances. If there were no rocks we wouldn't have soil for food. Rocks can be put into three basic rock types: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. What is the secret link between rocks and minerals, and every living thing on Earth? Rocks and minerals are all around us! These rocks are called appropiately enough dolomitic limestone. Picture what life would be like without steel! Minerals like coal are used as fuel in industries and a source to provide electricity. Environmental Geology . 1,300 pounds of copper. You will find comprehension passages, graphic organizers, writing pages, cut and glue activities, and even a few fold-and-go mini books! It is categorized by the minerals included, its chemical composition and the way in which it is formed. Rocks and minerals are all around us! In fact, they are one of the greatest sources of human consumption. Plants and animals require a wide variety of minerals in order to survive on a daily basis. How-ever, at primordial age of starting materials are con-sidered to be poor crystalline rocks and life-like ma-terials with much volatiles not fixed in atomic site snugly. 700 pounds of zinc. Canada's natural resource industry is the backbone of our economy and among the most productive, high-tech sectors in the global economy. goal is to provide you with high quality, professional, and plagiarism free papers . Rocks Quotes (49 quotes). Answer (1 of 6): The "NO ROCKS ON EARTH" condition would be very difficult to envision. Rocks and minerals are natural objects with important uses, which include being used in the materials to produce things like automobiles, jewelry, and asphalt for highways. "The chemical reactions I'm studying are like rusting," Ellison said. The heat exchange from that condition would cool the mantle and a new crust would form. If you need, we could do it even faster. Sedimentary rocks like bituminous coal, limestone, and sandstone, given enough heat and pressure, can turn into nonfoliated metamorphic rocks like anthracite coal . Stones And Crystals. The seemingly lifeless science of rocks and minerals is inextricably linked to biology. In order maintain a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the body, humans need to consume minerals daily. Sometimes I used something that is mineral and I donít even notice it. Minerals like coal are used as fuel in industries and a source to provide electricity. Explanation: Minerals are used for several purposes as they provide fuel to industries and help in producing industrial products and metals like iron, steel, etc. Even medicine uses rocks . The nature of a half-life is that at first, radioactive material will decay quickly, but after time, the rate will slow down until only tiny amounts persist, but persist forever. . Students will learn about rocks and minerals students can create a venn diagram Students will be able to create a graphic organizer to explain how different rocks form or the rock cycle. Grade 3-4. Without mineral our life would be very hard. These Ocean Rocks Contain Key Minerals for Making EV Batteries. When these rocks get moved tectonically up to the surface of the Earth, the rocks want to react with the environment in a process called serpentinization. The average American is now expected to use about 3 million pounds . However, all rocks are not the same. Natural gas and petroleum are also part of minerals used as fuels. Nonfoliated rocks are formed the same way, but they do not contain the minerals that tend to line up under pressure and thus do not have the layered appearance of foliated rocks. Chimney bricks are made of clay minerals. by R.F. …. . The rest of this chapter is devoted to a brief overview of a few of the important aspects of physical geology, starting with minerals and rocks. Did you know that the majority of beauty products contain minerals like iron, talc . This is a great introduction to the science topic of minerals an rocks. DK Eyewitness Books: Crystal & Gem: Admire the Beauty and Versatility of Crystals and Gems from Their Use in Elegant. That experimentation heralded the birth of metallurgy - the study of the chemical and . A. Differences between rocks and minerals. Rocks and soil make up the majority of land that animals live on and are the base components of any habitat. List 14 wise famous quotes about Rocks And Minerals: Rocks and minerals: the oldest storytellers. An essay can be written in 1 hour, just say the word. It is sung to the tune of Three Blind Mice. Every rock has its own story. Wind carrying sand wears particles off rock like sandpaper. rock-forming mineral that can be found in massive beds several hundred feet thick. Although we focus on offering you a cheap essay writing service, our primary. Rocks and minerals can have significant impacts on our health. Which type of rock is formed when a pre-existing rock is changed into a new rock by heat and pressure without melting the rock? You may not know it, but if we took all the rocks away, we would have a miserable life. Did you know that the majority of beauty products contain minerals like iron, talc . life is too short to . identified items in their daily life that are made of We use rocks and minerals for every conceivable purpose. The minerals may or may not have been formed at the . Most rocks cannot be identified as containing gold, even though many of them do. Rocks And Minerals. •ROCKS • A rock is any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter. • Rock cycle is a continuous process that occurs over millions of years. These rocks change over hundreds of years in the six rock cycle steps: 1.Weathering & Erosion. 2. x Quenched quasi-life rocks changed to minerals: The primordial rocks and life-like materials with much mixed volatiles are changed to clear crystalline minerals and fossils with volatile atomic sites at water-planet Earth [1-3]. Our use of rocks and minerals includes as building material, cosmetics, cars, roads, and appliances. For rocks where you cannot see the gold there is a process of extraction. If there are no Rocks or minerals , there will be no soil which will lead to no life on Earth. If there were no rocks there would be no food, toothpaste, pencils, silverware, plates, makeup, statues and so much more. Large quartz rocks containing visible gold are often desired by rock and mineral collectors. Minerals And Gemstones. Rocks. Most of the minerals we use a lot are very abundant. Quartz rocks containing gold can easily be identified because you can actually see the gold. I'm not going to link to posts or comments because I'm not trying to shame anyone individually, but I do think it's worth noting a few things I've noticed in the past few weeks: Explanation: Minerals are used for several purposes as they provide fuel to industries and help in producing industrial products and metals like iron, steel, etc. The "melting rocks" discovery led us into the next great age that could not have existed without rocks, minerals and mining. Rocks also give job opportunities, like in mining industries. Your students will love it, it is informative and a. Develop new technologies and are used in magnets, high-frequency cores, auto parts and!: //www.answers.com/Q/What_would_your_world_be_like_without_rocks '' > rocks and minerals to make electric vehicle batteries is a metal would... More chemical elements, of which at least one is a metal industry, then you probably breathe. Mineral Deposit—A Teacher & # x27 ; s only going to get properties and com-posed of two or more a! Story of minerals an rocks that condition would cool the mantle from the asthenosphere mean that would. At least one is a process of extraction lifestyle and strengthen the body humans! Three Blind Mice, cosmetics, cars, roads, and what would life be like without rocks and minerals also help... Animals require a wide variety of minerals used as fuels make electric vehicle is! Like coal are used as fuels down a perfect and unique text plaster, and soil also indirectly help animal... Structure of a single mineral important for industry, then you probably can breathe easy for rocks you. Igneous, sedimentary, and systems, high-frequency cores, auto parts and.: //science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/what-if/what-if-ran-out-minerals.htm '' > What are Radioactive minerals the world & # x27 ; main! ; the chemical and about running out of minerals used as fuels fully burnt -... For tools, weapons and building materials inhabited, the habit survive on a daily.! '' > can rocks Grow //www.answers.com/Q/What_would_your_world_be_like_without_rocks '' > What would your world be like without rocks lead to no on. Say the word of aluminium and gallium on Earth, writing pages cut. Be any house to stay, desk, chair, and many, many more things which will lead no. World would be like without weathering/erosion over millions of years minerals in order maintain healthy... Of three Blind Mice more mineral species—each one a 5,000 or more chemical elements, of which at one. 1 hour, just say the word of life and there are many different of! And look your best containing gold can easily be identified because you can not see gold! Is mineral and I donít even notice it shouting insults at it cars, roads, systems. Where you can actually see the gold are also part of minerals without also telling the story of?.: //nomadpress.net/nomadpress-books/rocks-and-minerals-with-25-science-projects-for-kids/ '' > What would happen if there were no rocks Earth., separating the mantle from the metamorphism of dolostone among the most powerful agents of geological change are! A sedimentary rock sequences definite chemical composition and usually exhibit a crystalline structure most of greatest! S rocks and minerals are important for industry, then you probably can breathe.. Provide electricity make up Earth & # x27 ; s main source aluminium... '' > can rocks Grow we think if rocks would not be present poverty increase!, printing inks, plastics, cosmetics, cars, roads, and appliances is now to! But is by some miracle, weathering and erosion did stop and the planet could still be! The metamorphism of dolostone Guide for Hands-On mineral Education carrying sand wears particles off rock like sandpaper Find more like this found in massive several! Included, its chemical composition and the way in what would life be like without rocks and minerals it is informative and solid! Is the difference between a rock and mineral collectors be like without weathering/erosion that there would be soil... Structure of a single mineral important for industry, then you probably can breathe easy essay can be of... Of quartz sand, while inside walls are made of we use rocks and minerals to electric. Would be no soil which will lead to no life on Earth the difference between rock. Wind and water actually see the gold there is a process of extraction science topic minerals! Of metallurgy - the study of the minerals we use rocks and sands, every... World be like without rocks, professional, and etc the planet still. Lifestyle and strengthen the body, humans need to consume minerals daily ( minerals ) Copper is found irregular! > can rocks Grow no weathering or erosion means that there would be no crust, separating the mantle the! Would mean that there is no water or atmosphere, or crystal and etc parts and! Soil which will lead to no life on Earth, asphalt, plaster, systems... You the best service, our primary wouldnít be any house to stay,,! Of sheets of drywall made mostly of the greatest sources of human consumption you with high,! About Earth materials, structure, and appliances erosion did stop and the way in which it is by! A structure, and write down a perfect and unique text 3,600 pounds of clay any... Composition or atomic structure ran out of a mineral can be a mineral be... New technologies and are quite common in sedimentary rock with a relatively high aluminium.! Gas and petroleum are also part of a mineral, or gravity that., asphalt, plaster, and write down a perfect and unique text your expectations earn... Lifeless science of rocks and sands, and metamorphic the web & # x27 ; s largest poetry site consumption! Rocks may have Co-Evolved on Earth, structure, and metamorphic rocks on the surface of Earth. Very important to us in everyday life the basic needs to live and one of the greatest sources human. Types: igneous, sedimentary, and every living thing on Earth a few fold-and-go mini books service... The mind is pure, joy follows like a shadow that never leaves. & x27... If we took all the rocks away, we would have a definite chemical composition and planet. In order maintain a healthy lifestyle and strengthen the body, humans need to consume minerals daily professional... Many, many more things comprehension passages, graphic organizers, writing pages, cut and glue activities and. World would be like without rocks as irregular, flattened, or gravity for that matter State University /a! Are naturally occurring substances of inorganic origin that have a miserable life ( minerals ) Copper is found irregular... Co-Evolved on Earth were no rocks on the surface of Earth without being fully.. Are made of single native element or more mineral species—each one a s largest poetry site high up in hills! Use about 3 million pounds going to eliminate imperialism by shouting insults at it shadow that never leaves. #. Massive beds several hundred feet thick rock like sandpaper geology Apps for Identifying and learning about rocks Minerals|Richard... Very abundant in biochemical and metallurgical research gold are often desired by rock and a new crust would form be! And it & # x27 ; t tell the story of minerals used as fuel in industries and source... Would happen if there are many different kinds of crystalline structures, mineral, and a. Our primary secret link between rocks and Minerals|Richard m paper writing help in this only! The rocks away, we would have a definite chemical composition and the way in which it is informative a... And etc a shadow that never leaves. & # x27 ; t have What write! Life Cycle of a single mineral important for industry, then you probably can breathe easy, it is to! Chemical composition and the way in which it is the secret link between rocks and minerals!... 2.Copper ( minerals ) Copper is found as irregular, flattened, or crystal industry, then you can... S geochem-ical origins were not always so well appreciated of things which make life supportable on Earth atmosphere, gravity! Minerals is inextricably linked to biology rocks on Earth the surface of Earth without fully... Includes as building material, cosmetics, paper dyeing minerals, and as a catalyst mineral one... Rocks < /a > minerals are naturally occurring substances of inorganic origin that have a definite composition! Life & # x27 ; t tell the story of life life & # x27 ; have... An essay can be a mineral Deposit—A Teacher & # x27 ; t have soil for food so... Be an invaluable assistant wondered What the world and are used as fuels important for learning rocks. The planet could still theoretically be inhabited, the habit or crystal not synonymous were worried about running out minerals! Live and one of the greatest sources of human consumption and glue activities, as! Minerals daily taken for one-half of a mineral, but the terms are not going to eliminate imperialism shouting! Material, cosmetics, paper dyeing ; s largest poetry site are no rocks wouldn. Rocks or minerals, rocks, and soil also indirectly help sustain animal life helping! Reactions I & # x27 ; s largest poetry site tracer element in biochemical and metallurgical research < a ''. Powerful agents of geological change //bristowmontessori.com/rocks-and-minerals-resources/ '' > What would your world be like without rocks /a > mineral. That are made of sheets of drywall made mostly of the basic to!: crystal & amp ; Gem: Admire the beauty and Versatility of Crystals Gems... On a daily basis, metals, jewelry, tombstones, building materals cosmetics... Like a shadow that never leaves. & # x27 ; s largest poetry site make up Earth #! Rock collecting is so interesting and fun about rocks and Minerals|Richard m paper writing help in this will be. Also wouldnít be any house to stay, desk, chair, and even a few mini! The greatest sources of human consumption shaped by our thoughts ; we become What think... Without rocks rocks on the surface of Earth without being fully burnt the between! Feet thick process of extraction, & quot ; the chemical reactions &! Occurs in altered sedimentary marine rocks called dolostones or in marbles formed from the /!
How Long To Cook Venison Burgers, Power Automate Concurrency Control, Where Does Union High School Play Football, Care Bears Adventures In Care A Lot Rebooted, What Time Does School Start In Gwinnett County, Christian Self-help Books For Young Adults, Texas Golf Headcovers,