“The allegations relate to atrocities that occurred during the civil war in Liberia between 1989 and 1993,” police said. Download The Liberian Civil War Books now!Available in PDF, EPUB, Mobi Format. The second, from 1990-2003, was a time of immense challenge for the seminary because of the Liberian Civil War. Just before Christmas 1989, a small group of armed fighters crossed a narrow river marking the frontier with the Ivory Coast, and entered the West … Alfred & Musu have been serving the LORD together since the 1980's, laboring among their own people for the Gospel, and continuing to serve even during the 14 year Liberian civil war (1989-2003) and recently the Ebola Outbreak. The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when a rebel group backed by the government of neighbouring Guinea, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), emerged in northern Liberia. [PDF] The Liberian Civil War (1989-2003) Read more Since the end of the war, the Company has already invested almost $59 million in improving the conditions in Liberia and intends to invest tens of millions more. The coup of 1980 signified an end of elite domination in Liberia, 4. Synopsis : The Liberian Civil War written by Mark Huband, published by Routledge which was released on 16 January 1998. The literature is replete with expert opinions on the impacts of the Liberian civil war, but only limited evidence for quantitative and While the war did not spark international outrage, and the first reports by human rights organizations were published in 1989 and 1990 the humanitarian disaster did belatedly generate a response. State of healthcare Fourteen years of civil war (1989-2003) left Liberia’s healthcare system in tatters. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. The Marine Corps efforts focused on protecting … The civil war in Liberia from 1989 to 2003 caused much bloodshed, death, suffering, and destruction. [4] Abarca 111 369 km² de superficie [1] y cuenta con una población de 4 294 000 habitantes. Liberia was governed by a military dictatorship until the 1990s and then suffered two lengthy civil wars. We use detailed district-level exposure to the war, including the intensity of violence in the village. believed that electing him was the only way to end the war. Peace has now outlasted war in Liberia. The civil war in Liberia, West Africa (1989-2003) ended in 2003, but the 14 years of civil war did much damage. Liberia in Southern Victory [] Following Liberia’s civil war (1989–2003), a number of actors have attempted to raise public awareness of sex-ual violence and to place it at the center of post-conflict policy efforts. It held elections in October 2005, with a presidential runoff in November, a key step in a peace-building process following its second civil war in a decade. A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. This was the early days of the civil war (1989-2003) that ultimately killed a quarter of a million people. 147 Words1 Page. The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. Liberia capitalized on this shift and amassed the largest merchant navy by the 1960s. Journalists visited the displaced camps in the summer of 1988, alongside aid workers. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. The Global Justice and Research Project (GJRP) documents war related crimes that occurred in Liberia during the Liberian Civil War between 1989 and 1997, and 1999 and 2003. A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. Cause of Genocide - Liberia Genocides. Mostly, Importantly the Liberian medical infrastructure is non-existent. In 2000, Liberia’s second civil war broke out. Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia led the revolution in 1989 with the help of Cote d’Ivoire and Burkina Faso military, and the devastating Civil War period began with the defeat of Doe’s forces and his execution. After exploring the role of traditional masculinity in Liberia’s civil war (1989-2003), we rejoin Liberian journalist Carielle Doe to delve into the aftermath of the conflict. No proper memorial has been built, no day is dedicated to commemoration,” his statement reads. Over time, he got to know his subjects intimately and found they were trusting of him to share their experiences and to let him take their photographs. “Of the bloody civil war (1989-2003) that decimated Liberia, its population does not speak. Keywords: Women, War, Liberia, Sexual, Gender-Based Violence. Liberia Civil War (2003) - Martin Adler takes us into the heart of the Liberian conflict in July 2003. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. Alfred serves on the board of TIM as the Executive Director of Operations. Taylor, then 51 years old, had studied economics in the United States, and had been active in the U.S. Liberian community A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. The Liberian civil war is a gallery of carnage, stolen innocence, rape, and torture, dismemberment of the socio-cultural environments, and the loss of over 250, 000 lives. The country enjoyed relative stability until a rebellion in 1989 escalated into a destructive civil war in the 1990s that did not fully cease until 2003. Introduction and Setting of Context We must address the social consequences of the war, including gender-based violence, which continues to permeate Liberian society today. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. Emotional and psychological scars of war and disease plague Liberia. First Liberian Civil War (1989-1996) The First Liberian Civil War was one of Africa’s bloodiest civil conflicts in the post-independence era. A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. The decade-long civil war in Sierra Leone formally ended in January 2002 following the British government’s successful military … We also use the mothers’ migration history and whether they were born and live in the village during the war, to accurately measure exposure to violence. Some of the worst use and abuse of children has occurred during the brutal civil war from 1989-2003 in Liberia that has left the country’s infrastructure in shambles. $25.00. Taylor, then 51 years old, had studied economics in the United States, and had been It has been nearly nine years sense the wars end. The war destroyed the infrastructure of the electrical grid and the water system. It can be recalled that the 51 st National Legislature, during the administration of ex-Liberian President Charles Ghankay Taylor, enacted a ‘hidden Act’ which grants amnesty to all persons associated with Liberia’s civil war beginning December 1989 to August 2003 is brought to the fore.. The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. . Whereas, for example in Germany, there is an abundance of. The conflict killed around 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations.The peace did not last long, and in 1999 the Second Liberian Civil War broke out.. Samuel Doe had led a rebellion that overthrew … Alfred & Musu have been serving the LORD together since the 1980's, laboring among their own people for the Gospel, and continuing to serve even during the 14 year Liberian civil war (1989-2003) and recently the Ebola Outbreak. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. Taylor AP. During the conflict many health professionals either fled the country or were killed in the fighting. The 1989-2003 civil war had a devastating effect on the country's economy. ADVERTISEMENT Today, little of Monrovia bears the visible marks of war, but the Ducor’s decaying hulk stands as a reminder of the conflict that killed over 250,000 people. This report, which is updated as events warrant, covers recent events in Liberia, a small, poor West African country. In early 2003, a second rebel group, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), emerged in the south, and by June–July 2003, Charles Taylor's government controlled only a third of … declared Liberia free from Ebola on May 9, 2015, after 4,808 total deaths (10). The second (1997-2003) caused the death of an additional 100,000 people. Liberia: 1989-1997 Civil War, Post-War Developments, and U.S. Relations. declared Liberia free from Ebola on May 9, 2015, after 4,808 total deaths (10). The Liberian, African, and international civil society organizations participating in … Afghan Civil War (1989–1992), February 15, 1989 – April 30, 1992 The continuing part of the civil war where the Soviet Union withdrew from Afghanistan, leaving the Afghan communist government to fend for itself against the Mujahideen months later part of / also called War in Afghanistan (1978–present) First Liberian Civil War, 1989–1996 Liberia, the first independent African state, went through two civil wars spanning over 14 years between 1989 and 2003. Paperback. The impacts of sexual violence against women tends to persist years after the civil conflict, including sexually transmitted diseases, unwanted pregnancies, sexually, … An estimated 150,000 people – one in twenty Liberians – died in the conflict. (Friday Issue, 1 July 2016) The Mask of Anarchy, Stephen Ellis, Hurst and Company, 2007 (revised and updated edition) In this ground breaking work Ellis not only traces the course of the Liberian Civil War of 1989 to 1996 and 1999-2003, but also explores its possible causes and terrible human cost of the war. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. The first phase of the civil war began on Christmas Eve 1989 with a rebellion against Doe’s government led by Charles Taylor, leading to Doe’s execution, and ended with Taylor’s victory in the 1997 elections. Published November 10, 2018This article is more than 2 years old. It pitted the forces of Charles Taylor, elected … The purpose of this study was to do an in-depth concurrent mixed method analysis of the perceived impacts of the 14-year (1989–2003) civil war on higher education institutions in Liberia during the civil war years and from the end of the civil war in … The Liberian Civil War (1989-2003) In 1989, Charles Taylor and his NPFL rebel group launched a rebellion against the Samuel Doe government of the Republic of Liberia. Alfred serves on the board of TIM as the Executive Director of Operations. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. Subsequent, more recent events are covered in CRS Report RL32243 , Liberia: Transition to Peace . Almost 1,000 homes have been built r renovated, and approximately 4,000 additional homes will be constructed. But the Ducor shut in 1989 at the outbreak of back-to-back civil wars which ran from 1989-1997 and from 1999-2003, and swiftly fell into disrepair. The two wars, spanning from 1989 to 2003 were the culmination of a… Today, little of Monrovia bears the visible marks of war, but the Ducor’s decaying hulk stands as a reminder of the conflict that killed over 250 000 people. The Second Liberian Civil War began in 1999 when a rebel group backed by the government of neighbouring Guinea, the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD), emerged in northern Liberia.In early 2003, a second rebel group, the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL), emerged in the south, and by June–July 2003, Charles Taylor's government … The peace did not last long, and in 1999 the Second Liberian Civil War broke out. issues coupled with the external factor led to the first (1989-1996) and the second (1997-2003) civil war of Liberia. Liberian civil war broke out in 1989. A former Liberian warlord has been ordered to stand trial in France for war crimes committed during the west African country's bloody 1989-2003 conflict, judicial sources told AFP on … During Liberia’s 14-year civil war (1989-2003), more than 250,000 people became refugees and another half million were internally displaced. The war in Liberia is often described as an anarchic battle of warlords who preyed on the civilian population with armed forces composed of drugged-up, incontrollable, rag-tag soldiers, many of whom were children, themselves victims of the war. Violent political upheaval in Liberia began in 1980, when Master Sergeant Samuel Doe led a military coup against the government of William Tolbert. An estimated 150,000 people – one in twenty Liberians – died in the conflict. Civil War, 1989-1997 On December 24, 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), led by Charles Taylor, crossed into Liberia from Cote d’Ivoire, sparking a conflict that mushroomed into a seven year civil war. In late 2017, Liberia held its third post-war general election. A man has been arrested in London on suspicion of war crimes in Liberia, over offences allegedly committed between 1989 and 2003. Civil war ensued among various tribal groups and the country suffered estimated deaths of up to 300,000 people before the end of fighting in 2003. The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. Charles Taylor led the National Patriotic Front and invaded the country to expel the Liberian dictator, Samuel Doe, assassinated him, and gained over 90% of Liberia. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. A peace agreement led to the election of Taylor as president of Liberia in 1997, but a second civil war broke out in 1999. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. The peace did not last long, and in 1999 the Second Liberian Civil War broke out. That war began in 1999, escalated in 2000, and ended in 2003. Today, little of Monrovia bears the visible marks of war, but the Ducor's decaying hulk stands as a reminder of the conflict that killed over 250,000 people. Though most violence ended in 1997, renewed clashes in 2003 drew international attention, and led to the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force to the country. The conflict killed around 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations. Civil War, 1989-1997 On December 24, 1989, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL), led by Charles Taylor, crossed into Liberia from Cote d’Ivoire, sparking a conflict that mushroomed into a seven year civil war. リベリアの政治は長くアメリカの解放奴隷の子孫であるアメリコ・ライベリアンのホイッグ党が支配しており、リベリアの先住民部族は彼らに差別と弾圧を受けてきた。しかし、アメリコ・ライベリアンの優位に不満を持つクラン族(Krahn) 出身のサミュエル・ドウ軍曹率いる先住民部族が1980年に軍事クーデターを起こし … The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. The Liberian Civil War was a war created from mere disagreement and tension between two men, Samuel Doe and Thomas Quiwonkpa, and their failure to settle their personal differences. The period of 1986-1989 was marred by political turbulence that exploded on December 24, 1989. Iron ore production stopped completely, and the United Nations banned timber and diamond exports from Liberia. 00. The final period, from 2003 to the present, shows the seminary attempting to re-position itself for the future as a premier Christian higher education institution in Liberia. $25. During the con ict, the civilian population was a ected by hos-tilities through war-related mortality (both through direct civilian killings and increases in 5. declared Liberia free from Ebola on May 9, 2015, after 4,808 total deaths (10). Causes of the Civil Wars The fundamental causes for the first civil war include the autocratic rule of the Americo-Liberians, repressive regimes followed, ethnic bigotry and rampant corruption. The conflict killed over 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations. State of healthcare Fourteen years of civil war (1989-2003) left Liberia’s healthcare system in tatters. Witnesses have come forward in the first war-crimes trial held in Liberia, against former rebel Gibril Massaquoi, to testify about alleged rape and ritual murder during the country's brutal civil war. Liberia (1989 - 2003) Liberia’s civil war began in 1989. From their own words: An explorative qualitative study on the experience of combatants disabled in the Liberian civil war,1989-2003(Original research). After Doe is murdered, the two rebel groups fight each other in a bloody war from 1989 to 1996. 1997–2003: Civil War Peace in Liberia, if it ever really existed, was short lived. All told, the conflicts that ravaged Liberia from the beginning of the first civil war in 1989 to the end of the second in 2003 resulted in the … State of healthcare Fourteen years of civil war (1989-2003) left Liberia’s healthcare system in tatters. From 1989 to 2003, up to … The documentation serves two main purposes: 1. Local and international nongovernmental organizations, Liberian government ministries, a variety of United Nations entities, and dozens of media reports Though most violence ended in 1997, renewed clashes in 2003 drew international attention, and led to the deployment of a United Nations peacekeeping force to the country. Add tags for "A situation analysis of the women survivors of the 1989-2003 armed conflict in Liberia". These wars demolished the nation’s economic system and traumatized its people. Liberia, a small coastal West African country on the Gulf of Guinea, has made substantial development gains since the end of the second of two civil wars (1989-1997 and 1999-2003). The Civil War (1989 – 2003) is both an episode and epoch in Liberia’s history: it was a bid to restore the legacy of the True Whig Party and an extension of the long running ‘Native – Americo Liberian’ rivalry. The Liberian Civil War: Surviving Under the Guns & Bombs 1989-2003. by Dr. Joshua Dumalo-Banang Giddings and Becque Olson | Sep 4, 2021. Most major businesses were destroyed or heavily damaged, and most foreign investors and businesses left the country. But between 1999 and 2003, new rebel groups conduct a war against Taylor, eventually forcing him out of office. First Phase 1989-1996 The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1996. Mission Statement. The First Liberian Civil War was an internal conflict in Liberia from 1989 until 1997. Liberia (1989 - 2003) Liberia’s civil war began in 1989. During the conflict many health professionals either fled the country or were killed in the fighting. Relations were reestablished in 1972. The Liberian Civil War (1989-2003) drove many shipowners away to countries such as Panama. After Brigadier General Omar al-Bashir took power in a 1989 coup backed by Islamists, Sudan established links with international terrorist organizations, resulting in the United States’ designation of Sudan as a State Sponsor of Terrorism in 1993 and the suspension of U.S. Embassy operations in 1996. I was born in Monrovia, Liberia. As a result, the UN imposed sanctions on the ... Charles Taylor was the son of an Americo-Liberian and a Gola tribe member from Arthington, close to Monrovia. civil war in Liberia was one of these. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. I was a six year old kid by 1989 on a family vacation in Margibi County, when the news had broken of a rebel invasion in Nimba County, north-eastern Liberia. Liberia during armed conflicts between 1989 and 2003, and to end impunity for civil war-era crimes. During the conflict many health professionals either fled the country or were killed in the fighting. FREE Shipping by Amazon. perceived impacts of the 14-year (1989–2003) civil war on higher education institutions in Liberia during the civil war years and from the end of the civil war in 2003 to the point of data collection in 2007. 2. But the Ducor shut in 1989 at the outbreak of back-to-back civil wars which ran from 1989-1997 and from 1999-2003, and swiftly fell into disrepair. Por el sur y el oeste limita con el Océano Atlántico, golfo de Guinea. All of the possible fueling factors were brought to bear. The country's civil war began in 1989, when Charles Taylor returned to Liberia from neighbouring Ivory Coast. Second Liberian Civil War (1999-2003) LURD child fighter, Po River Public domain image The origin of the second civil war was rooted in the previous conflict waged between 1989 and 1996 which saw former rebel leader Charles Taylor become president of the entire nation, following UN-monitored elections in 1997. The Act, a copy of which FrontPageAfrica has obtained, is titled “An Act to … the 1989-2003 Liberian civil war, on their children’s anthropometric outcomes. Between 1989 and 2003, civil war consumed the small West African nation of Liberia, resulting in the estimated deaths of 150,000 to 250,000 men, women and children, and the displacement of over half the country’s population. Charles Taylor aimed to make billions from exploiting the richest diamond fields in the world. Taylor was forced into exile and later jailed for committing war crimes in neighboring Sierra Leone. Mon 4 Aug 2003 09.53 EDT. The conflict killed around 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations. All told, the conflicts that ravaged Liberia from the beginning of the first civil war in 1989 to the end of the second in 2003 resulted in the … With low rates of adult literacy and high poverty rates, television and newspaper use is limited, leaving radio as the predominant means of communicating with the public. Be the first. Liberia infrastructures are in ruins because of the civil war. Finally there was an international dimension. They were supported by the government of Côte d’Ivoire, making the Second Liberian Civil War a truly international war. Liberia’s civil war between 1989 and 2003 left hundreds of thousands dead, and many more affected by the extreme violence that ravaged the country. The Liberian civil war raged from 1989 when Charles Taylor started an uprising in a bid to topple the government. Located on the western coast of Africa, bordering the countries of Sierra Leone and Guinea, modern day Liberia is still suffering the effects of two long, bloody, civil wars that left a wake of violence, poverty, and social unrest in their aftermath. During Liberia’s 14-year civil war (1989-2003), more than 250,000 people became refugees and another half million were internally displaced. The war was MONROVIA – The establishment of a war crimes court in Liberia for the prosecution of the likes of Senator Prince Y. Johnson and his cohorts might be illegal if the ‘hidden act’ of legislature enacted in 2003 that granted amnesty to all persons associated with Liberia’s civil war beginning December 1989 to August 2003 is brought to the fore. (Republic of Liberia, 2008b) The Liberian conflict descended into civil war by 1989. This report covers Liberia's first civil conflict (1989-1997), post-war developments until roughly 2001, and the history of U.S.-Liberian relations and U.S. policy toward Liberia. Much of Liberia's communications infrastructure was destroyed or plundered during the two civil wars (1989–1996 and 1999–2003). A profile of peacebuilding and conflict resolution in Liberia as the country rebuilds after a civil war that lasted for 14 years, from 1989-2003. Prior to the outbreak of the civil war, Liberia was exporting raw timber, rubber and diamonds, but in 2001, the U.N. Security Council imposed an embargo … George Weah, … Prior to the outbreak of the civil war, Liberia was exporting raw timber, rubber and diamonds, but in 2001, the U.N. Security Council imposed an embargo … Civil War: Born In Monrovia, Liberia. The Mask of Anarchy, Stephen Ellis, Hurst and Company, 2007 (revised and updated edition) In this ground breaking work Ellis not only traces the course of the Liberian Civil War of 1989 to 1996 and 1999-2003, but also explores its possible causes and terrible human cost of the war. Between 2004 and the cessation of refugee status for Liberians in June 2012, the UNHCR helped more than 155,000 Liberians to voluntarily repatriate, while others returned home on their own. Get it as soon as Wed, Oct 13. 2. in Liberia, 1989-2003 Romesh Silvay Abstract In 2003, the Accra Comprehensive Peace Agreement (ACPA) concluded fourteen years of civil war in Liberia. The Liberian war lasted from 1989 to … By 2003, another armed group formed in Southern Liberia called the Movement for Democracy in Liberia (MODEL). The first civil war (1989-1996) claimed over 200,000 lives. The conflict killed around 200,000 people and eventually led to the involvement of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) and of the United Nations. Introduction . In 2003, the women of Liberia helped bring an end to the Second Civil War, and in 2005, Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf, the first elected female head of state in Africa, was elected President of Liberia. ‘The root of the conflict is and remains diamonds, diamonds and diamonds.’ (Ibrahim Kamara 2000) ‘To the economist, this is war motivated by greed.For the young fighter, it is injustice.’ (William Reno 2003, p.46) I. ... interruption from 1989 to 2003. Liberia, oficialmente la República de Liberia (en inglés, Republic of Liberia), es un país ubicado en la costa oeste de África y que limita con Sierra Leona al noroeste, Costa de Marfil al este y Guinea al norte. The peace did not last long, and in 1999 the Second Liberian Civil War broke out. Liberia’s civil war between 1989 and 2003 left hundreds of thousands dead, and many more affected by the extreme violence that ravaged the country. The war claimed more than two hundred thousand Liberian lives in a nation of 2.1 million people and displaced a million other citizens in refugee camps in neighboring countries. Civil war in Liberia claimed the lives of almost 250,000 people - mostly civilians - and led to a complete breakdown of law and order. Between 2004 and the cessation of refugee status for Liberians in June 2012, the UNHCR helped more than 155,000 Liberians to voluntarily repatriate, while others returned home on their own. This report covers Liberia’s first civil conflict (1989-1997), post-war developments until roughly 2001, and the history of U.S.-Liberian relations and U.S. policy toward Liberia. Charles Taylor is elected president in the 1996 elections. Liberia has ignored pressure to prosecute crimes from its back-to-back wars between 1989-2003 in which thousands of child soldiers became bound up in tussles for power exacerbated by ethnic rivalry. Liberia is regaining market share via agreement with China making it easier to ship into Chinese ports while flying Liberian flag. Liberian President Charles Taylor and his military forces, who had taken over Liberia in 1989 during the first civil war, experienced attacks from the Liberians United for Reconciliation and Democracy (LURD). Bayoh’s entrepreneurial spirit took root at in the late ’80s when her grandmother woke her in the middle of the night to flee approaching rebels in Liberia. Liberia is a country on the west coast of Africa that had endured a civil war from 1989 -2005. By the late 1990s it was clear from reports that Taylor was supporting the Revolutionary United Front (RUF) in the civil war in neighboring Sierra Leone. Download Citation | On Jan 26, 2019, Messash Kassaye Woldetsadik published Conflict analysis of Liberia’s civil wars (1989-2003) | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate In 1980, the government was overturned in a military coup, and from 1989 to 2005 Liberia was in a state of flux, witnessing the First Liberian Civil War (1989–1996) and the Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003) which displaced hundreds of thousands of people and devastated the country's economy. The Liberian Civil War, 1989—2003 . But the Ducor shut in 1989 at the outbreak of back-to-back civil wars which ran from 1989-1997 and from 1999-2003, and swiftly fell into disrepair. Recently it has witnessed two civil wars, the First Liberian Civil War (1989–1996), and the Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003), that have displaced hundreds of thousands and destroyed its economy. 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